an educational project of V. F. Thomas Co. - P. O. Box 400 - Southwest Harbor, ME 04679

Ixocactus gracilis Kuijt
(Systematic Botany 16(2):292)

Latin description
Plantae delicatae, ramosissimae, glabrae, caulibus gracilibus, quadrangularibus, radicibus epicorticalibus sparsis. Folia decussata, usque 25 x 4 mm, angustissime cuneata vel loriformia, apice acuta vel leviter mucronata, brevissime petiolata. Flores axillares, sessiles, hermaphroditi, 2 mm longi (longitudinis circ. 5 mm ab ovario occupato), calyculo expanso, undulato-marginato ornati; petala (staminaque) leviter dimorpha, quoque stamen parvum gerens; filamentum 0.5 mm longum, anthera applanato-ovoidea, circ. 0.5 longa, superne rimis duabus longitudinalibus; stylus late pulvinatus, stigma subcapitatum. Fructus 4 x 2 mm, graciliter ovoideus, pars tenuis styli elongata, persistens.



Translation
Plants delicate, very much branched, glabrous, with slender, quadrangular stems, [and] with sparse epicortical roots. Leaves decussate, to 25 x 4 mm, very narrowly cuneate or lorate, with an acute to slightly mucronate apex, very shortly petiolate. Flowers axillary, sessile, bisexual, 2 mm long (0.5 mm of the length [is] occupied by the ovary), endowed with an expanded undulate-margined calyculus. Petals (and stamens) slightly dimorphic, each [petal] bearing a small stamen; the filament 0.5 mm long, the anther flattened-ovoid, about 0.5 [unit of measurement not given] long, with two longitudinal slits above; the style broadly pulvinate, the stigma subcapitate. Fruit 4 x 2 mm, slenderly ovoid, the thin portion of the style elongated, persisting.



Translation with commentary
Plants Plantae - nominative plural of 1st declension feminine noun planta, -ae
delicate, delicatae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective delicatus, -a, -um; agrees with Plantae
very much branched, ramosissimae - nominative plural feminine of superlative degree of group A adjective ramosus, -a, -um; agrees with Plantae
glabrous, glabrae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective glaber, glabra, glabrum; agrees with Plantae
with slender, gracilibus - ablative plural masculine of group B adjective gracilis, -is, -e; modifies caulibus
quadrangular quadrangularibus - ablative plural masculine of group B adjective quadrangularis, -is, -e; modifies caulibus
stems, caulibus - ablative plural of 3rd declension masculine noun caulis, caulis
[and] [added for smoothness of reading]
with sparse sparsis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective sparsus, -a, -um; modifies radicibus
epicortical epicorticalibus - ablative plural feminine of group B adjective epicorticalis, -is, -e; modifies radicibus
roots. radicibus - ablative plural of 3rd declension feminine noun radix, radicis
Leaves Folia - nominative plural of 2nd declension neuter noun folium, -i
decussate, decussata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective decussatus, -a, -um; agrees with Folia
to 25 x 4 mm, usque - adverb
very narrowly angustissime - superlative degree of adverb anguste
cuneate cuneata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective cuneatus, -a, -um; agrees with Folia
or vel - conjunction
lorate, loriformia - nominative plural neuter of group B ajective loriformis, -is, -e
with an actue acuto [acuta is an error] - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective acutus, -a, -um; modifies apice
to vel - conjunction [used here as a preposition]
slightly leviter - adverb
mucronate mucronato [mucronata is an error] - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective mucronatus, -a, -um; modifies apice
apex, apice - ablative singular of 3rd declension masculine noun apex, apicis
very shortly brevissime - superlative degree of adverb breviter
petiolate. petiolata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective petiolatus, -a, -um; agrees with Folia
Flowers Flores - nominative plural of 3rd declension masculine noun flos, flores
axillary, axillares - nominative plural masculine of group B adjective axillaris, -is, -e; modifies Flores
sessile, sessiles - nominative plural masculine of group B adjective sessilis, -is, -e; modifies Flores
bisexual, hermaphroditi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective hermaphroditus, -a, -um; modifies Flores
2 mm long longi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Flores
(of the length longitudinis - genitive singular of 3rd declension feminine noun longitudo, longitudinis
approximately 0.5 mm circ. - adverb ["5 mm" is incorrect]
[is] [added for smoothness of reading]
from ab - preposition [takes ablative]
the filled occupato - ablative singular neuter of perfect passive participle of 1st conjugation verb occupo, -are, -avi, -atus; modifies ovario
ovary), ovario - ablative singular of 2nd declension neuter noun ovarium, -i; object of preposition ab
endowed ornati - nominative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of 1st conjugation verb orno, -are, -avi, -atus; agrees with Flores
with an expanded expanso - ablative singular masculine of perfect passive participle of 3rd conjugation verb expando, -ere, -ndi, -nsus; agrees with calyculo
undulate-margined undulato-marginato = undulato- [combining form of undulatus, -a, -um] + marginato - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective marginatus, -a, -um; agrees with calyculo
calyculus; calyculo - ablative singular of 2nd declension masculine noun calyculus, -i
petals petala - nominative plural of 2nd declension neuter noun petalum, -i
(and stamens) staminaque (= stamina + que (q.v.)) - nominative plural of 3rd declension neuter noun stamen, staminis
slightly leviter - adverb
dimorphic, dimorpha - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective dimorphus, -a, -um; agrees with petala
with each [petal] quoque ablative singular neuter of pronoun quisque, quaeque, quodque; agrees in gender with petala
bearing gerens - nominative singular neuter of present active participle of 3rd conjugation verb gero, gerere, gessi, gestus {should this be the ablative singular neuter form? (to agree with quoque)}
a small parvum - accusative singular neuter of group A adjective parvus, -a, -um; modifies stamen
stamen; stamen - accusative singular of 3rd declension neuter noun stamen, staminis; direct object of gerens
the filament filamentum - nominative singular of 2nd declension neuter noun filamentum, -i
0.5 mm long, longum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with filamentum
the anther anthera - nominative singular of 1st declension feminine noun anthera, -ae
flattened-ovoid, applanato-ovoidea = applanato- [combining form of applanatus, -a, -um] + ovoidea - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective ovoideus, -a, -um; agrees with anthera
about circ. = abbreviation for circa - adverb
0.5 [no unit given] long, longa - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with anthera
with two duabus - ablative plural feminine of numerical adjective duo, duae, duo; modifies rimis
longitudinal longitudinalibus - ablative plural feminine of group B adjective longitudinalis, -is, -e; modifies rimis
slits rimis - ablative plural of 1st declension feminine noun rima, -ae
above; superne - adverb
the style stylus - nominative singular of 2nd declension masculine noun stylus, -i
broadly late - adverb
pulvinate, pulvinatus - nominative singular masculine of group A adjective pulvinatus, -a, -um; agrees with stylus
the stigma stigma - nominative singular of 3rd declension neuter noun stigma, stigmatis
subcapitate. subcapitatum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective subcapitatus, -a, -um; agrees with stigma
Fruit 4 x 2 mm, Fructus - nominative singular of 4th declension masculine noun fructus, -us
slenderly graciliter - adverb
ovoid, ovoideus - nominative singular masculine of group A adjective ovoideus, -a, -um; agrees with Fructus
the thin tenuis - nominative singular feminine of group B adjective tenuis, -is, -e; modifies pars
portion pars - nominative singular of 3rd declension feminine noun pars, partis
of the style styli - genitive singular of 2nd declension masculine noun stylus, -i
elongated, elongata - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective elongatus, -a, -um; agrees with pars
persisting. persistens - nominative singular feminine of present active participle of 3rd conjugation verb persisto, -ere, -iti, -itus; agrees with pars


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