an educational project of V. F. Thomas Co. - P. O. Box 400 - Southwest Harbor, ME 04679

Froelichia xantusii R. A. McCauley
(Systematic Botany 29(1):71-72)

Latin description
Herba perennis 0.2-0.6 (-1.1) m alta e radice palari lignea incrassata. Caules crassi, multiplices, e basi ramosi, prostrati vel erecti vel adscendentes, saepe tegetes formantes, cano-tomentosi. Folia sessilia vel brevipetiolata, laminis oblanceolatis vel obovatis; marginibus undulatis vel crispatis; folia inferiora et basalia 2.2-8 cm longa, 0.8-1.4 (-2) cm lata, supra pilis minute pustulosis canescentia, subtus pilis cinereis dense villoso-tomentosa. Inflorescentia spica composita laxa in pudunculo1 longo ex spicula terminali et 5-9 paribus spicularum lateralium constans, saepe spiculis quatour2 in quoque nodo. Spiculae separatae vel densae floribus in spiram 3-seriatam dispositis. Bracteolae 2.4-4 mm longae, interiores exterioribus parum longiores, distaliter glabrae, stramineae vel atrae. Flores 3.5-5.5 mm longi. Stamina in tubum largum connata, lobis interstaminalibus terminalibus 0.5-0.9 mm longis, partem connatam perigonii non superantibus, obtusis, brunneolis vel atris, distaliter non recurvatis. Perigonium fructiferum 3-3.8 mm latum, conicum, fere latum quam longum, lateraliter anguste alatum, alis integris vel crenulatis, superficie perigonii indurati nuda.

Note:
   1The "word" pudunculo was a typographical error in Systematic Botany. It should have been pedunculo.
   2The "word" quatour was a typographical error in Systematic Botany. It should have been quatuor or quattuor.



Translation
Perennial herb 0.20-0.6(-1.1) m tall from a woody taproot. Stems thick, multiple, branched from the base, prostrate to ascending to erect, often forming mats, grayish white tomentose. Leaves sessile or short-petioled, with blades oblanceolate to obovate, with margins undulate to crisped; the lower and basal leaves 2.2-8 cm long, 0.8-1.4(-2) cm wide, whitish/grayish above with minutely pustulose[-based] hairs, densely villous-tomentose below with ash gray hairs. The inflorescence a lax compound spike on a long peduncle consisting of a terminal spikelet and 5-9 pairs of lateral spikelets, often with four spikelets at each node. Spikelets open to dense with flowers arranged in a 3-ranked spiral. Bracteoles 2.4-4 mm long, the inner ones slightly longer than the outer ones, distally glabrous, stramineous or black. Flowers 3.5-5.5 mm long. Stamens connate in a long tube, with terminal interstaminal lobes 0.5-0.9 mm long, not extending beyond the connate part of the perigonium, obtuse, brownish to black, not recurved distally. Fruit-bearing perigonium 3-3.8 mm wide, conical, nearly as wide as long, narrowly winged laterally, with wings entire or crenulate, with the surface of the indurate perigonium naked.



Translation with commentary
Perennial perennis - nominative singular feminine of group B adjective perennis, -is, -e; modifies Herba
herb Herba - nominative singular of first declension feminine herba, -ae
0.2-0.6(-1.1) m tall alta - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective altus, -a, -um; agrees with Herba
from e - preposition [takes ablative]
a woody lignea - ablative singular feminine of group A adjective ligneus, -a, -um; modifies radice palari
taproot. radice palari - ablative singular of third declension feminine noun radix, radicis and ablative singular feminine of group B adjective palaris, -is, -e; object of e
Stems Caules - nominative plural of third declension masculine noun caulis, caulis
thick, crassi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective crassus, -a, -um; modifies Caules
multiple, multiplices - nominative plural masculine of group B adjective multiplex, multiplex, multiplex; modifies Caules
branched ramosi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective ramosus, -a, -um; modifies Caules
from e - preposition [takes ablative]
the base, basi - ablative singular of third declension feminine noun basis, basis; object of e
prostate prostrati - nominative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratus; modifies Caules
to vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition
ascending adscendentes - nominative plural masculine of present active participle of third conjugation verb adscendo, adscendere, adscendi, adscendus; modifies Caules
to vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition
erect, erecti - nominative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus; modifies Caules
often saepe - adverb
forming formantes - nominative plural masculine of present active participle of first conjugation verb formo, -are, -avi, atus; agrees with Caules
mats, tegetes - accusative plural of third declension feminine noun teges, tegetis; direct object of formantes
grayish white tomentose. cano-tomentosi - nominative plural masculine of group A compound adjective cano-tomentosus, -a, -um; modifies Caules
Leaves Folia - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun folium, -i
sessile sessilia - nominative plural neuter of group B adjective sessilis, -is, -e; modifies Folia
or vel - conjunction
short-petioled, brevipetiolata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective brevipetiolatus, -a, -um; modifies folia
with blades laminis - ablative plural of first declension feminine noun lamina, -ae
oblanceolate oblanceolatis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective oblanceolatus, -a, -um; modifies laminis
to vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition
obovate, obovatis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective obovatus, -a, -um; modifies laminis
with margins marginibus - ablative plural of third declension masculine noun margo, marginis
undulate undulatis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective undulatus, -a, -um; modifies marginibus
to vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition
crisped; crispatis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective crispatus, -a, -um; modifies marginibus
the lower inferiora - nominaive plural neuter of comparative degree of group A adjective inferus, -a, -um; modifies folia
and et - conjunction
basal basalia - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective basalis, -is, -e; modifies folia
leaves folia - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun folium, -i
2.2-8 cm long, longa - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective folius, -a, -um; modifies folia
0.8-1.4(-2) cm wide, lata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; modifies folia
whitish/grayish canescentia - nominative plural neuter of present active participle of third conjugation verb canesco, -ere, ---, ---; modifies folia
above supra - adverb
with minutely minute - adverb
pustulose[-based] pustulosis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective pustulosus, -a, -um; modifies pilis
hairs, pilis - ablative plural of second declension masculine noun pilus, -i
densely dense - adverb
villous-tomentose villoso-tomentosa - nominative plural neuter of compound group A adjective villoso-tomentosus, -a, -um; modifies folia
below subta - adverb
with ash gray cinereis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective cinereus, -a, -um; modifies pilis
hairs. pilis - ablative plural of second declension masculine noun pilus, -i
The inflorescence inflorescentia - nominative singular of first declension feminine noun inflorescentia, -ae
a lax laxa - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective laxus, -a, -um; modifies spica
compound composita - nominative singular feminine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb compono, componere, composui, compositus; modifies spica
spike spica - nominative singular of first declension feminine noun spica, -ae; agrees with Inflorescentia
on in - preposition [takes ablative]
a long longo - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies pedunculo [pudunculo is a typographical error]
peduncle pedunculo - ablative singular of second declension masculine noun pedunculus, -i; object of in [pudunculo is a typographical error]
consisting of constans ... ex - verb phrase composed of nominative singular feminine of present active participle of first conjugation verb consto, constare, constiti, constatus plus preposition ex [takes ablative; here ex precedes constans]; agrees with spica
a terminal terminali - ablative singular feminine of group B adjective terminalis, -is, -e; modifies spicula
spikelet spicula - ablative singular of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae; object of ex
and et - conjunction
5-9 pairs paribus - ablative plural of third declension feminine noun par, paris; object of ex
of lateral lateralium - genitive plural feminine of group B adjective lateralis, -is, -e; modifies spicularum
spikelets, spicularum - genitive plural of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae
often saepe - adverb
with four quatuor - indeclinable adjective [may also be spelled quattuor but quatour is a typographical error in Systematic Botany]
spikelets spiculis - ablative plural of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae
at in - preposition [takes ablative]
each quoque - ablative singular masculine of adjective quisque, quaeque, quodque; modifies nodo
node. node - ablative singular of second declension masculine noun nodus, -i; object of in
Spikelets Spiculae - nominative plural of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae
open separatae - nominative plural feminine of perfect passive participle of first conjugation verb separo, -are, -avi, -atus; modifies Spiculae
to vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition
dense densae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective densus, -a, -um; modifies Spiculae
with flowers floribus - ablative plural of third declension masculine noun flos, floris
arranged dispositis - ablative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus; agrees with floribus
in in - preposition [takes accusative]
a 3-ranked seriatam - accusative singular feminine of group A adjective seriatus, -a, -um; modifies spiram
spiral. spiram - accusative singular of first declension feminine noun spira, -ae; object of in
Bracteoles Bracteolae - nominative plural of first declension feminine noun bracteola, -ae
2.2-4 mm long, longae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Bracteolae
the inner ones interiores - nominative plural feminine of adjective interior, interior, interius; agrees with Bracteolae
slightly parum - adverb
longer longiores - nominative plural feminine of comparative degree of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies interiores
than the outer ones, exterioribus - ablative plural feminine of comparative degree of group A adjective exter, extera, exterum; modifies Bracteolae
distally distaliter - adverb
glabrous, glabrae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective glaber, glabra, glabrum; modifies interiores
stramineous stramineae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective stramineus, -a, -um; modifies interiores
or vel - conjunction
black. atrae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective ater, atra, atrum; modifies interiores
Flowers Flores - nominative plural of third declension masculine noun flos, floris
3.5-5.5 mm long. longi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Flores
Stamens Stamina - nominative plural of third declension neuter noun stamen, staminis
connate connata - nominative plural neuter of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb connascor, ---, connasci, connatus; modifies Stamina
in in - preposition [takes accusative]
a long largum - accusative singular masculine of group A adjective largus, -a, -um; modifies tubum
tube, tubum - accusative singular of second declension masculine noun tubus, -i; object of in
with terminal terminalibus - ablative plural masculine of group B adjective terminalis, -is, -e; modfies lobis
interstaminal interstaminalibus - ablative plural masculine of group B adjective interstaminalis, -is, -e; modfies lobis
lobes lobis - ablative plural of second declension masculine noun lobus, -i
0.5-0.9 mm long, longis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies lobis
not non - adverb
extending beyond superantibus - ablative plural masculine of present active participle of first conjugation verb supero, -are, -avi, -atus; agrees with lobis
the connate connatam - accusative singular feminine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb connascor, ---, connasci, connatus; modifies partem
part partem - accusative singular of third declension feminine noun pars, partis; object of superantibus
of the perigonium, perigonii - genitive singular of second declension neuter noun perigonium, -i
obtuse, obtusis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective obtusus, -a, -um
brownish brunneolis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective brunneolus, -a, -um; modifies lobis
to vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition
black, atris - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective ater, atra, atrum; modifies lobis
not non - adverb
recurved recurvatis - ablative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of first conjugation verb recurvo, -are, -avi, -atus; modifies lobis
distally. distaliter - adverb
Fruit-bearing fructiferum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective fructifer, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium
perigonium Perigonium - nominative singular of second declension neuter noun perigonium, -i
3-3.8 mm wide, latum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium
conical, conicum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective conicus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium
nearly fere - adverb
[as] wide latum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium
as quam - adverb
long, longum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium
narrowly anguste - adverb
winged alatum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective alatus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium
laterally, lateraliter - adverb
with wings alis - ablative plural of first declension feminine noun ala, -ae
entire integris - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective integer, integra, integrum; modifies alis
or vel - conjunction
crenulate, crenulatis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective crenulatus, -a, -um; modifies alis
with the surface superficie - ablative singular of fifth declension feminine noun superficies, superficiei
of the indurate indurati - genitive singular neuter of perfect passive participle of first conjugation verb induro, -are, -avi, atus; modifies perigonii
perigonium perigonii - genitive singular of second declension neuter noun perigonium, -i
naked. nuda - ablative singular feminine of group A adjective nudus, -a, -um; modifies superficie


Comments and corrections are welcome and should be sent to info@vfthomas.com. Thanks.



Return to Botanical Latin Glossary.