Latin description
Herba perennis 0.2-0.6 (-1.1) m alta e radice palari lignea incrassata. Caules crassi, multiplices, e basi ramosi, prostrati vel erecti vel adscendentes, saepe tegetes formantes, cano-tomentosi. Folia sessilia vel brevipetiolata, laminis oblanceolatis vel obovatis; marginibus undulatis vel crispatis; folia inferiora et basalia 2.2-8 cm longa, 0.8-1.4 (-2) cm lata, supra pilis minute pustulosis canescentia, subtus pilis cinereis dense villoso-tomentosa. Inflorescentia spica composita laxa in pudunculo1 longo ex spicula terminali et 5-9 paribus spicularum lateralium constans, saepe spiculis quatour2 in quoque nodo. Spiculae separatae vel densae floribus in spiram 3-seriatam dispositis. Bracteolae 2.4-4 mm longae, interiores exterioribus parum longiores, distaliter glabrae, stramineae vel atrae. Flores 3.5-5.5 mm longi. Stamina in tubum largum connata, lobis interstaminalibus terminalibus 0.5-0.9 mm longis, partem connatam perigonii non superantibus, obtusis, brunneolis vel atris, distaliter non recurvatis. Perigonium fructiferum 3-3.8 mm latum, conicum, fere latum quam longum, lateraliter anguste alatum, alis integris vel crenulatis, superficie perigonii indurati nuda.
Translation
Perennial herb 0.20-0.6(-1.1) m tall from a woody taproot. Stems thick, multiple, branched from the base, prostrate to ascending to erect, often forming mats, grayish white tomentose. Leaves sessile or short-petioled, with blades oblanceolate to obovate, with margins undulate to crisped; the lower and basal leaves 2.2-8 cm long, 0.8-1.4(-2) cm wide, whitish/grayish above with minutely pustulose[-based] hairs, densely villous-tomentose below with ash gray hairs. The inflorescence a lax compound spike on a long peduncle consisting of a terminal spikelet and 5-9 pairs of lateral spikelets, often with four spikelets at each node. Spikelets open to dense with flowers arranged in a 3-ranked spiral. Bracteoles 2.4-4 mm long, the inner ones slightly longer than the outer ones, distally glabrous, stramineous or black. Flowers 3.5-5.5 mm long. Stamens connate in a long tube, with terminal interstaminal lobes 0.5-0.9 mm long, not extending beyond the connate part of the perigonium, obtuse, brownish to black, not recurved distally. Fruit-bearing perigonium 3-3.8 mm wide, conical, nearly as wide as long, narrowly winged laterally, with wings entire or crenulate, with the surface of the indurate perigonium naked.
| Perennial | perennis - nominative singular feminine of group B adjective perennis, -is, -e; modifies Herba |
| herb | Herba - nominative singular of first declension feminine herba, -ae |
| 0.2-0.6(-1.1) m tall | alta - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective altus, -a, -um; agrees with Herba |
| from | e - preposition [takes ablative] |
| a woody | lignea - ablative singular feminine of group A adjective ligneus, -a, -um; modifies radice palari |
| taproot. | radice palari - ablative singular of third declension feminine noun radix, radicis and ablative singular feminine of group B adjective palaris, -is, -e; object of e |
| Stems | Caules - nominative plural of third declension masculine noun caulis, caulis |
| thick, | crassi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective crassus, -a, -um; modifies Caules |
| multiple, | multiplices - nominative plural masculine of group B adjective multiplex, multiplex, multiplex; modifies Caules |
| branched | ramosi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective ramosus, -a, -um; modifies Caules |
| from | e - preposition [takes ablative] |
| the base, | basi - ablative singular of third declension feminine noun basis, basis; object of e |
| prostate | prostrati - nominative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratus; modifies Caules |
| to | vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition |
| ascending | adscendentes - nominative plural masculine of present active participle of third conjugation verb adscendo, adscendere, adscendi, adscendus; modifies Caules |
| to | vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition |
| erect, | erecti - nominative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus; modifies Caules |
| often | saepe - adverb |
| forming | formantes - nominative plural masculine of present active participle of first conjugation verb formo, -are, -avi, atus; agrees with Caules |
| mats, | tegetes - accusative plural of third declension feminine noun teges, tegetis; direct object of formantes |
| grayish white tomentose. | cano-tomentosi - nominative plural masculine of group A compound adjective cano-tomentosus, -a, -um; modifies Caules |
| Leaves | Folia - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun folium, -i |
| sessile | sessilia - nominative plural neuter of group B adjective sessilis, -is, -e; modifies Folia |
| or | vel - conjunction |
| short-petioled, | brevipetiolata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective brevipetiolatus, -a, -um; modifies folia |
| with blades | laminis - ablative plural of first declension feminine noun lamina, -ae |
| oblanceolate | oblanceolatis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective oblanceolatus, -a, -um; modifies laminis |
| to | vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition |
| obovate, | obovatis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective obovatus, -a, -um; modifies laminis |
| with margins | marginibus - ablative plural of third declension masculine noun margo, marginis |
| undulate | undulatis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective undulatus, -a, -um; modifies marginibus |
| to | vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition |
| crisped; | crispatis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective crispatus, -a, -um; modifies marginibus |
| the lower | inferiora - nominaive plural neuter of comparative degree of group A adjective inferus, -a, -um; modifies folia |
| and | et - conjunction |
| basal | basalia - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective basalis, -is, -e; modifies folia |
| leaves | folia - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun folium, -i |
| 2.2-8 cm long, | longa - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective folius, -a, -um; modifies folia |
| 0.8-1.4(-2) cm wide, | lata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; modifies folia |
| whitish/grayish | canescentia - nominative plural neuter of present active participle of third conjugation verb canesco, -ere, ---, ---; modifies folia |
| above | supra - adverb |
| with minutely | minute - adverb |
| pustulose[-based] | pustulosis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective pustulosus, -a, -um; modifies pilis |
| hairs, | pilis - ablative plural of second declension masculine noun pilus, -i |
| densely | dense - adverb |
| villous-tomentose | villoso-tomentosa - nominative plural neuter of compound group A adjective villoso-tomentosus, -a, -um; modifies folia |
| below | subta - adverb |
| with ash gray | cinereis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective cinereus, -a, -um; modifies pilis |
| hairs. | pilis - ablative plural of second declension masculine noun pilus, -i |
| The inflorescence | inflorescentia - nominative singular of first declension feminine noun inflorescentia, -ae |
| a lax | laxa - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective laxus, -a, -um; modifies spica |
| compound | composita - nominative singular feminine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb compono, componere, composui, compositus; modifies spica |
| spike | spica - nominative singular of first declension feminine noun spica, -ae; agrees with Inflorescentia |
| on | in - preposition [takes ablative] |
| a long | longo - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies pedunculo [pudunculo is a typographical error] |
| peduncle | pedunculo - ablative singular of second declension masculine noun pedunculus, -i; object of in [pudunculo is a typographical error] |
| consisting of | constans ... ex - verb phrase composed of nominative singular feminine of present active participle of first conjugation verb consto, constare, constiti, constatus plus preposition ex [takes ablative; here ex precedes constans]; agrees with spica |
| a terminal | terminali - ablative singular feminine of group B adjective terminalis, -is, -e; modifies spicula |
| spikelet | spicula - ablative singular of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae; object of ex |
| and | et - conjunction |
| 5-9 pairs | paribus - ablative plural of third declension feminine noun par, paris; object of ex |
| of lateral | lateralium - genitive plural feminine of group B adjective lateralis, -is, -e; modifies spicularum |
| spikelets, | spicularum - genitive plural of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae |
| often | saepe - adverb |
| with four | quatuor - indeclinable adjective [may also be spelled quattuor but quatour is a typographical error in Systematic Botany] |
| spikelets | spiculis - ablative plural of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae |
| at | in - preposition [takes ablative] |
| each | quoque - ablative singular masculine of adjective quisque, quaeque, quodque; modifies nodo |
| node. | node - ablative singular of second declension masculine noun nodus, -i; object of in |
| Spikelets | Spiculae - nominative plural of first declension feminine noun spicula, -ae |
| open | separatae - nominative plural feminine of perfect passive participle of first conjugation verb separo, -are, -avi, -atus; modifies Spiculae |
| to | vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition |
| dense | densae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective densus, -a, -um; modifies Spiculae |
| with flowers | floribus - ablative plural of third declension masculine noun flos, floris |
| arranged | dispositis - ablative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus; agrees with floribus |
| in | in - preposition [takes accusative] |
| a 3-ranked | seriatam - accusative singular feminine of group A adjective seriatus, -a, -um; modifies spiram |
| spiral. | spiram - accusative singular of first declension feminine noun spira, -ae; object of in |
| Bracteoles | Bracteolae - nominative plural of first declension feminine noun bracteola, -ae |
| 2.2-4 mm long, | longae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Bracteolae |
| the inner ones | interiores - nominative plural feminine of adjective interior, interior, interius; agrees with Bracteolae |
| slightly | parum - adverb |
| longer | longiores - nominative plural feminine of comparative degree of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies interiores |
| than the outer ones, | exterioribus - ablative plural feminine of comparative degree of group A adjective exter, extera, exterum; modifies Bracteolae |
| distally | distaliter - adverb |
| glabrous, | glabrae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective glaber, glabra, glabrum; modifies interiores |
| stramineous | stramineae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective stramineus, -a, -um; modifies interiores |
| or | vel - conjunction |
| black. | atrae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective ater, atra, atrum; modifies interiores |
| Flowers | Flores - nominative plural of third declension masculine noun flos, floris |
| 3.5-5.5 mm long. | longi - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Flores |
| Stamens | Stamina - nominative plural of third declension neuter noun stamen, staminis |
| connate | connata - nominative plural neuter of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb connascor, ---, connasci, connatus; modifies Stamina |
| in | in - preposition [takes accusative] |
| a long | largum - accusative singular masculine of group A adjective largus, -a, -um; modifies tubum |
| tube, | tubum - accusative singular of second declension masculine noun tubus, -i; object of in |
| with terminal | terminalibus - ablative plural masculine of group B adjective terminalis, -is, -e; modfies lobis |
| interstaminal | interstaminalibus - ablative plural masculine of group B adjective interstaminalis, -is, -e; modfies lobis |
| lobes | lobis - ablative plural of second declension masculine noun lobus, -i |
| 0.5-0.9 mm long, | longis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies lobis |
| not | non - adverb |
| extending beyond | superantibus - ablative plural masculine of present active participle of first conjugation verb supero, -are, -avi, -atus; agrees with lobis |
| the connate | connatam - accusative singular feminine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb connascor, ---, connasci, connatus; modifies partem |
| part | partem - accusative singular of third declension feminine noun pars, partis; object of superantibus |
| of the perigonium, | perigonii - genitive singular of second declension neuter noun perigonium, -i |
| obtuse, | obtusis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective obtusus, -a, -um |
| brownish | brunneolis - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective brunneolus, -a, -um; modifies lobis |
| to | vel - conjunction [or] used as a preposition |
| black, | atris - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective ater, atra, atrum; modifies lobis |
| not | non - adverb |
| recurved | recurvatis - ablative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of first conjugation verb recurvo, -are, -avi, -atus; modifies lobis |
| distally. | distaliter - adverb |
| Fruit-bearing | fructiferum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective fructifer, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium |
| perigonium | Perigonium - nominative singular of second declension neuter noun perigonium, -i |
| 3-3.8 mm wide, | latum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium |
| conical, | conicum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective conicus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium |
| nearly | fere - adverb |
| [as] wide | latum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium |
| as | quam - adverb |
| long, | longum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium |
| narrowly | anguste - adverb |
| winged | alatum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective alatus, -a, -um; modifies Perigonium |
| laterally, | lateraliter - adverb |
| with wings | alis - ablative plural of first declension feminine noun ala, -ae |
| entire | integris - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective integer, integra, integrum; modifies alis |
| or | vel - conjunction |
| crenulate, | crenulatis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective crenulatus, -a, -um; modifies alis |
| with the surface | superficie - ablative singular of fifth declension feminine noun superficies, superficiei |
| of the indurate | indurati - genitive singular neuter of perfect passive participle of first conjugation verb induro, -are, -avi, atus; modifies perigonii |
| perigonium | perigonii - genitive singular of second declension neuter noun perigonium, -i |
| naked. | nuda - ablative singular feminine of group A adjective nudus, -a, -um; modifies superficie |
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