Latin description
Arbores parvae ad 6 m, diametro 5 cm, monoeciae. Lamina foliorum 12-19 cm longa, 5-8 cm lata, (obovata-) elliptica, apice acuminato; venis secundariis utrinque 9-14; petioli 3-6 mm longi. Flores unisexuales, +/- foliis oppositi, solitarii vel bini, penduli; pedunculus 10-15 mm longus; pedicellus 5.5-9.5 mm longus. Sepala 3, valvata, connata in parte, ca. 1 mm longa, ca. 1.3 mm lata, triangularia. Petala 6, valvata, libera, in verticillis 2; petala externa 3, 4-6 mm longa, 5-6 mm lata, +/- rotunda, ungui destituta; petala interiora 3, 7.5-11 mm longa, 7.5-9.5 mm lata, deltata et unguiculata. Stamina ca. 29; connectivum thecas non superans; thecae aseptatae; pollinis grana solitaria, apertura destituta. Carpellum solitarium; ovula ca. 4, lateralia, biseriata. Monocarpium singulum, sessile, 11.5-14.5 mm longum et 10-13 mm crassum, carnosum, dehiscente, pedunculo 14-16.5 mm longo et pedicello (11-)24-28 mm longo suffultum. Semina ca. 3, late ellipsoidea, ca. 9.5 mm longa, ca. 7.5 mm lata, ca. 4.5 mm alta, glabra.
Translation
Small trees up to 6 m, with a diameter of up to 5 cm, monoecious. The blade of leaves 12-19 cm long, 5-9 cm wide, (obovate-)elliptic, with an acuminate apex; with 9-14 secondary veins on both sides; petioles 3-6 mm long. Flowers unisexual, more or less opposite the leaves solitary or paired, pendulous; the peduncle 5.5-9.5 mm long. Sepals 3, valvate, partially connate, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1.3 mm wide, triangular. Petals 6, valvate, free, in 2 whorls; the outer petals 3, 4-6 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, more or less round in outline, lacking a claw; the inner petals 3, 7.5-11 mm long, 7.5-9.5 mm wide, deltate and clawed. Stamens ca. 29; the connective not overtopping the thecas; the thecas without septa; pollen grains solitary, lacking an opening. The carpel solitary; ovules ca. 4, lateral, arranged in two rows. Monocarp solitary, sessile, 11.5-14.5 mm long and 10-13 mm thick, fleshy, dehiscent, supported by a peduncle 14-16.5 mm long and by a pedicel (11-)24-28 mm long. Seeds ca. 3, broadly ellipsoidal, ca. 9.5 mm long, ca. 7.5 mm wide, ca. 4.5 mm tall, glabrous.
| Small | parvae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective parvus, -a, -um; modifies Arbores |
| trees | Arbores - nominative plural of third declension feminine noun arbor, arboris |
| up to 6 m, | ad - preposition [takes accusative] |
| with a diameter of up to 5 cm, | diametro - ablative singular of second declension feminine noun diameter, diametri |
| monoecious. | monoeciae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective monoecius, -a, -um; modifies Arbores |
| The blade | Lamina - nominative singular of first declension feminine noun lamina, -ae |
| of leaves | foliorum - genitive plural of second declension neuter noun folium, -i |
| 12-19 cm long, | longa - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with Lamina |
| 5-8 cm wide, | lata - nominative singular feminine of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; agrees with Lamina |
| (obovate-)elliptic, | (obovata-) elliptica - nominative singular feminine of group A compound adjective (obovatus-)ellipticus, (-a)-a, (-um)-um |
| with an acuminate | acuminato - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective acuminatus, -a, -um; modifies apice |
| apex; | apice - ablative singular of masculine third declension noun apex, apicis |
| with 9-14 secondary | secundariis - ablative plural feminine of group A adjective secundarius, -a, -um; modifies venis |
| veins | venis - ablative plural of feminine first declension noun vena, -ae |
| on both sides; | utrinque - adverb |
| and | added here for smoothness of reading |
| with petioles | petioli - ablative plural of masculine second declension noun petiolus, -i |
| 3-6 mm long. | longi - ablative plural masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies petioli |
| Flowers | Flores - nominative plural of third declension masculine noun flos, floris |
| unisexual | unisexuales - nominative plural masculine of group B adjective unisexualis, -is, -e; modifies Flores |
| more or less opposite | oppositi - nominative plural masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb oppono, opponere, opposui, oppositus; agrees with Flores |
| the leaves, | foliis - dative plural of second declension neuter noun folium, -i |
| solitary | solitarii - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective solitarius, -a, -um; modifies Flores |
| or | vel - conjunction |
| paired, | bini - nominative plural of (almost exclusively plural) group A adjective bini, -ae, -a; modifies Flores |
| pendulous; | penduli - nominative plural masculine of group A adjective pendulus, -a, -um; modifies Flores |
| the peduncle | pedunculus - nominative singular of second declension masculine noun pedunculus, -i |
| 10-15 mm long; | longus - nominative singular masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies pedunculus |
| the pedicel | pedicellus - nominative singular of second declension masculine noun pedicellus, -i |
| 5.5-9.5 mm long. | longus - nominative singular masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies pedicellus |
| Sepals 3, | Sepala - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun sepalum, -i |
| valvate, | valvata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective valvatus, -a, -um; modifies Sepala |
| connate | connata - nominative plural neuter of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb connascor, ---, connasci, connatus; modifies sepala |
| in | in - preposition [takes ablative] |
| part, | parte - ablative singular of third declension feminine noun pars, partis; object of preposition in |
| approximately 1 mm long, | longa - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; modifies Sepala |
| approximately 1.3 mm wide, | lata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective lauts, -a, -um; modifies Sepala |
| triangular. | triangularia - nominative plural neuter of group B adjective triangularis, -is, -e; modifies Sepala |
| Petals 6, | Petala - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun petalum, -i |
| valvate, | valvata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective valvatus, -a, -um; modifies Petala |
| free [should be "distinct"] | libera - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective liber, libera, liberum; plant parts that are not connected to like parts are properly called "distinct" (distinctus, -a, -um); free parts are separate from unlike parts (e.g., sepals free from petals) |
| in | in - preposition [takes ablative] |
| 2 whorls; | verticillis - ablative plural of second declension masculine noun verticillus, -i; object of preposition in |
| the outer | externa - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective externus, -a, -um; modifies petala |
| petals 3, | petala - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun petalum, -i |
| 4-6 mm long, | longa - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with petala |
| 5-6 mm wide, | lata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; agrees with petala |
| more or less round in outline, | rotunda - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective rotundus, -a, -um; agrees with petala |
| lacking | destituta - nominative plural neuter of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb destituo, destituere, destitui, destitutus [takes ablative when meaning "destitute of"]; agrees with petala. The word "lacking" here means short, not absent. Indeed, the authors reported on p. 43 that the claw was "1-1.5 mm long". |
| a claw; | ungui - ablative singular of third declension masculine noun unguis, unguis; object of destituta |
| the inner | interiora - nominative plural neuter of comparative degree adjective interior, interior, interius; modifies petala |
| petals 3, | petala - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun petalum, -i |
| 7.5-11 mm long, | longa - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with petala |
| 7.5-9.5 mm wide, | lata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; agrees with petala |
| deltate | deltata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective deltatus, -a, -um; agrees with petala |
| and | et - conjunction |
| clawed. | unguiculata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective unguiculatus, -a, -um; agrees with petala |
| Stamens approximately 29; | Stamina - nominative plural of third declension neuter noun stamen, staminis |
| the connective | connectivum - nominative singular of second declension neuter noun connectivum, -i |
| not | not - adverb |
| overtopping | superans - nominative singular neuter of present active participle of first conjugation verb supero, -are, -avi, -atus; agrees with connectivum |
| the thecas; | thecas - accusative plural of first declension feminine noun theca, -ae; object of superans |
| the thecas | thecae - nominative plural of first declension feminine noun theca, -ae |
| aseptate; | aseptatae - nominative plural feminine of group A adjective aseptatus, -a, -um; agrees with thecae |
| pollen | pollinis - genitive singular of third decelension neuter noun pollen, pollinis |
| grains | grana - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun granum, -i |
| solitary, | solitaria - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective solitarius, -a, -um; agrees with grana. On page 43, the authors clarify this by saying that the pollen is "shed as monads". |
| lacking | destituta - nominative plural neuter of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb destituo, destituere, destitui, destitutus [takes ablative when meaning "destitute of"]; agrees with grana. |
| an opening. | apertura - ablative singular of first declension feminine noun apertura, -ae; object of destituta |
| Carpel | Carpellum - nominative singular of second declension neuter noun carpellum, -i |
| solitary; | solitarium - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective solitarius, -a, -um; agrees with Carpellum |
| the ovules approximately 4, | ovula - nominative plural of second declension neuter noun ovulum, -i |
| lateral, | lateralia - nominative plural neuter of group B adjective lateralis, -is, -e; agrees with ovula |
| arranged in two rows. | biseriata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective biseriatus, -a, -um; agrees with ovula |
| Monocarp | Monocarpium - nominative singular of second declension neuter noun monocarpium, -i |
| single, | singulum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective singulus, -a, -um; agrees with Monocarpium |
| sessile, | sessile - nominative singular neuter of group B adjective sessilis, -is, -e; agrees with Monocarpium |
| 11.5-14.5 mm long | longum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with Monocarpium |
| and | et - conjunction |
| 10-13 mm thick, | crassum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective crassus, -a, -um; agrees with Monocarpium |
| fleshy, | carnosum - nominative singular neuter of group A adjective carnosus, -a, -um; agrees with Monocarpium |
| dehiscent, | dehiscente - nominative singular neuter of present active participle of third conjugation verb dehisco, -ere, -ivi, ---; agrees with Monocarpium |
| supported | suffultum - nominative singular neuter of perfect passive participle of fourth conjugation verb suffulcio, suffulcire, suffulsi, suffultus; agrees with Monocarpium |
| by a peduncle | pedunculo - ablative singular of second declension masculine noun pedunculus, -i |
| 14-16.5 mm long | longo - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with pedunculo |
| and | et - conjunction |
| a pedicel | pedicello - nominative singular of second declension masculine noun pedicellus, -i |
| (11-)24-28 mm long. | longo - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with pedicello |
| Seeds approximately 3, | Semina - nominative plural of third declension neuter noun semen, seminis |
| broadly | late - adverb |
| ellipsoidal, | ellipsoidea - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective ellipsoideus, -a, -um; agrees with semina |
| approximately 9.5 mm long, | longa - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective longus, -a, -um; agrees with Semina |
| approximately 7.5 mm wide, | lata - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective latus, -a, -um; agrees with Semina |
| approximately 4.5 mm high, | alta - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective altus, -a, -um; agrees with Semina |
| glabrous. | glabra - nominative plural neuter of group A adjective glaber, glabra, glabrum; agrees with Semina |
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