This glossary is added to from time to time from descriptions and diagnoses of newly named taxa. Its purpose is to provide (1) a list of words used in botanical Latin and (2) examples of how they are used in botanical literature. The words and forms of words listed here are those of the various authors and are not necessarily the best or most commonly accepted.
Words in bold face and flush with the left margin are the forms that are found in Latin dictionaries. Indented words in "normal" face are forms found in the literature. (See below for sources.) To view a translation of a description or diagnosis, click on the name of the taxon below.
I am grateful to Tom Hayward, lecturer in Classical and Medieval Studies at Bates College (Lewiston, Maine), for his help when I find myself struggling with a translation. In the end, however, I accept responsibility for any errors in this glossary or in the associated translations unless I can find some way to blame them on Tom (or on anyone else). Comments, corrections, and especially clarification of information in {braces} are welcome and should be sent to info@vfthomas.com. Thanks.
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Word forms found in the literature are from descriptions/diagnoses of the following taxa: |
Word forms found in the literature are from descriptions/diagnoses in the following sources: |
a - preposition [takes ablative]: from
a (Rhodora 101(906):137 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a; 30(3):519a, 519b; 33(4):735)
ab - preposition [takes ablative]: from
ab (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42a [x2])
abaxialis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: abaxial
absens, absens, absens - adjective, group B: absent
absens - nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
absentes - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):114)
abortivus, -a, um - adjective, group A: abortive
abortivae - nominative plural feminine (Rhodora 108(935):238)
abrupte - adverb: abruptly
abrupte (Rhodora 108(933):20)
absimilis - adjective, group B: dissimilar
absimilis - nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
acaulis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: stemless
achenium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: achene
acris, -is, -e - adjective, group B: bitter
aculeus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: prickle
acuminatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: acuminate
acuminato - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
acute - adverb: acutely
acutiusculus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: slightly acute
acutiusculum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
acutus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: acute
acuta - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
acutis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
acutis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111; 33(1):63)
acuto - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
acuto - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
acutum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
ad - preposition [takes accusative]: to, up to, near to
ad (near to) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
ad (to) (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):109; 30(3):638)
ad (up to) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 113b, 127)
admodum - adverb: fully
admodum (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
adscendo, adscendere, adscendi, adscensus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to ascend
adscendentes - nominative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73)
aegre - adverb: scarcely
aegre (Rhodora 108(933):20)
aequalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: equal
aequalibus - ablative plural feminine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) | Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
aequaliter - adverb: uniformly, equally
aequo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to make equal
aequans - nominative singular feminine, present active participle (Rhodora 108(933):20 [aequantia is an error] | Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
aequans - nominative singular neuter, present active participle (Rhodora 108(933):20 [aequantia is an error])
aequanti - ablative singular neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
aequantibus - ablative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
aerius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: aerial
aerius - nominative singular masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
aestivatio, aestivationis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: aestivation
affinis, -is, -e - adjective, group B [takes genitive or dative]: related (to)
affine - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
affinis - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119, 122; 31(3):493)
alabastrum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: flower bud
alatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: winged
alatum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
ala, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: wing
alis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
albidus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: whitish
albidis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
albus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: white
alba - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
aliquando - adverb: sometimes
aliquando (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
aliquantim - adverb: somewhat
aliquantim (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
aliquot - indeclinable number: several
several (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109 [should have been preceded by an en dash, not a hyphen], 113a [should have been preceded by an en dash, not a hyphen])
aliter - adverb: otherwise
alternatim - adverb: alternately
alterno, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to alternate
alternantibus - ablative plural neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
alternus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: alternate
alternis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
altus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: high, tall
alta - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73, 127)
alta - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
alti - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111, 113b)
ambo, -ae, -o - numerical adjective: both
ambabus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
ambis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
ambitus, ambitus - noun, 4th declension, masculine: outline
amentum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: ament
amplexicaulis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: stem-clasping
amplexicaulia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146 [amplexicaulis is an error])
amplitudo, amplitudinis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine
amplitudine - ablative singular (Rhodora 108(935):238)
amplus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: large
amplarum - genitive plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62)
ampulliformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: flask-shaped
ampulliforme - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
amylum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: starch
anceps, anceps, anceps - adjective, group B: two-edged
ancipitibus - albative plural feminine (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1003 (Cupressus thyoides))
androecium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: androecium
angulus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: angle
anguste - adverb: narrowly
anguste (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
angustissime - superlative degree (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
angustus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: narrow
angusti- - combining form (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
angustioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
angustiseptati (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146 [angustiseptates is an error]) = angusti- (q.v.) + sepatati (q.v.)
annuus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: annual
annua - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
annuis - ablative plural feminine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [x2])
annuo - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
ante - preposition [takes accusative]: before
ante (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111, 114)
anthoecium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: anthoecium
anthoecium - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
anthera, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: anther
anthera - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):113a)
antherae - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
antherae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 28(1):109)
antherarum - genitive plural (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638 [antherorum is an error])
anthesis, anthesis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: anthesis
anthesi - ablative singular (Rhodora 101(906):137)
anthesin - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 111, 113a [x2], 114)
antice - adverb: anteriorly, in the front
apertura, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: opening
apertura - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
apex, apicis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: apex
apice - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b, 111 [x3], 113a, 113b)
apicem - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
apicis - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
apicalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: apical
apicales - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 111)
apiculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: apiculate
apiculatum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
apiculus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: apiculus, small terminal point
appendix, appendicis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: appendage
appendicibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
applanatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: flattened
applanato - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
applanato- - combining form (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
aqua, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: water
aquis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63 [x2])
aquaticus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: aquatic
aquaticae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
arbor, arboris - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: tree
arbor - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
arbores - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
arcte - adverb: closely, firmly
areola, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: areole
argute - adverb: acutely, sharply
arillus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: aril
aseptatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: without septa
aseptatae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
asper, -a, -um - adjective, group A: rough
ater, atra, atrum - adjective, group A: black, dull black
atrae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
atris - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
attenuatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: attenuate
attingo, attingere, attigi, attactus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to reach
atque - conjunction: and
atque (Rhodora 101(906):137)
atroviridis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: dark green
auctor, auctoris - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: author
auricula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: auricle
auriculas - accusative plural (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
auriculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: auriculate
auriculata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146 [aruiculata is a typographical error])
auriculatis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
aut - conjunction: or
aut (Rhodora 108(933):20)
axilla, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: axil
axillaris, -is, -e - adjective, group B: axillary
axillari - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
axillares - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):113a)
axis, axis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: axis
axem - accustive singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
bacca, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: berry
basalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: basal
basalia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73; 32(1):146)
basicus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: basic
basicus - nominative singular masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
basis, baseos - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: base
base - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
basem - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
baseos - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
basi - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73)
basin - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
basifixus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: basifixed
basifixa - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
basifixae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
bene - adverb: well
biennis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: biennial
biennis - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
bini, -ae, -a - adjective, group A: paired [almost exclusively plural]
bini - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
biseriatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: (arranged) in two rows
biseriata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b; 32(1):146)
biserratus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: biserrate
bractea, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: bract
bracteis - dative plural (Rhodora 108(933):20)
bracteis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
bracteola, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: bracteole
bracteolae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
brevipedicellatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: short-pediceled
brevipedicellati - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
brevipetiolatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: short-petioled
brevipetiolata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73)
brevis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: short
brevibus - ablative plural masculine (Rhodora 108(933):20)
brevibus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
brevissimis - superlative degree, ablative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
brevissimus - superlative degree, nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
breviter - adverb: shortly, briefly
brevissime - superlative degree (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
brunneolus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: brownish
brunneolis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
brunneus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: brown
bulbiger, -a, -um - adjective, group A: bulb-bearing
bulbillus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: bulbil
bulbus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: bulb
caducus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: caducous
caduca - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
caduco - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
caespes, caespitis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: tuft
caespitosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: cespitose
calcar, calcaris - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: spur
calcar - nominative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20)
calcaris - genitive singular (Rhodora 108(933):20)
callus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: callus
calyculus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: calyculus
calyculo - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
calyx, calycis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: calyx
calycis - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
canesco, canescere - verb, 3rd conjugation: to be white or gray
canescentia - nominative plural neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
cano-tomentosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: grayish white tomentose
cano-tomentosi - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71, 73)
capillus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: hair
capitulum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: head
capsula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: capsule
capsulae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111, 114)
capsulis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
capsularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: capsule-like
capsularis - nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
caput, capitis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: head
carina, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: keel
carnosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: fleshy
carnosis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
carnosum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
carpellatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: carpellate
carpellatum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109 [carpellare is an error], 113a)
carpellum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: carpel
carpellum - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
caruncula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: caruncle
caryopsis, caryopsidis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: caryopsis
castaniformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: chestnut-shaped (cf. -formis, -formis, -forme)
castaniforme - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
caudex, caudicis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: stem, rootstock
caulinis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: cauline
caulina - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
caulis, caulis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: stem
caulem - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
caules - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73, 111, 113b)
caulibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):109, 113a)
caulis - nominative singular (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [x2])
caulis - genitive singular (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2])
caulium - genitive plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
-caulis, -caulis, -caule - adjective, group B: -stemmed [description of stem(s) given by prefix]
celeriter - adverb: quickly
cellula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: cell
centralis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: central
centrale - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
centrali - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 111)
chalaza, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: chalaza
character, characteris - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: character
characteribus - ablative plural (Sida 22(2):1052)
chloroplastus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: chloroplast
chromosoma, chromosomatis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: chromosome
chromosomatum - genitive plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) | Rhodora 108(935):238)
cicatrix, cicatricis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: scar
ciliatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: ciliate
cineresco, -ere, ---, --- - verb, 3rd conjugation: to become ash gray
cinerescentibus - ablative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [cinerascentibus is an error])
cinereus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: ash gray
cinereis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
circa - adverb: about, approximately
circa (approximately) (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
circa (about) (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
circum - preposition [takes accusative]: around [spatially]
circum (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
classis, classis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: class
clathratus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: clathrate
clavulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: clavulate
clavulatum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
collum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: neck
color, coloris - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: color
colore - ablative singular (Sida 22(2):1052)
columna, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: column
columna - nominative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20)
coma, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: terminal tuft
communis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: common
complano, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to flatten
complanato - ablative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
compono, componere, composui, compositus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to compose
composita - nominative singular feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
composita - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a, 113b)
compositi- - combining form of compositus, -a, -um (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
compositi-racemosis = compositi- (q.v.) + racemosis (q.v.)
comprimo, -ere, -essi, -essus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to compress
conduplicatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: conduplicate
conduplicato - ablative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2])
congener, congeneri - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: congener
congeneris - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519a [congeneribus is an error], 519b [congeneribus is an error])
congero, congerere, congessi, congestus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to pile up
congesto - ablative singular msculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
conicus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: conical
conico- - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
conico-elongato = conico- (q.v.) + elongato (q.v.)
conicum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
connascor, ---, conasci, connatus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to be fused to a like organ
connata - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 68, 72, 73)
connatam - accusative singular feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
connatis - ablative singular feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73 [connata is an error])
connectivum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: connective
connectivo - ablative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a; 30(3):638)
connectivum - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
conspicue - adverb: conspicuously
conspicue (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
consto ... ex, constare ... ex, constiti ... ex, constatus ... ex - 1st conjugation verb phrase [takes ablative]: to consist of
constans ... ex - nominative singular feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
constata ... ex - nominative singular feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
constrictio, constrictionis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: constriction
constrictionibus - ablative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [x2])
contiguus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: adjacent
-cornis, -cornis, -corne - adjective, group B: -horned [description of horn(s) given by prefix]
cornu, cornus - noun, 4th declension, neuter: horn
corolla, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: corolla
corolla - ablative singular (Rhodora 101(906):137)
corona, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: corona
corpus, corporis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: body
cortex, corticis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: bark
corymbus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: corymb
costa, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: (main) nerve
costalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: costal
costatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: nerved, ribbed
costata - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
costata - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
cotyledon, cotyledonis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: cotyledon
cotyledones - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
crasse - adverb: thickly
crassities, crassitiei - noun, 5th declension, feminine: thickness
crassitudo, crassitudinis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: thickness
crassus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: thick
crassi - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71, 73)
crassioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
crassum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
crebre - adverb: closely, compactly
crenulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: crenulate
crenulatis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
cremeus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: cream-colored
cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to grow
crescentibus - ablative plural feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
crispatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: crisped
crispatis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
crispus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: curled
crista, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: crest, terminal tuft
culmus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: culm
culmis - ablative plural (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [culmi is a typographical error])
cum - preposition [takes ablative]: with
cuneatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: cuneate
cuneata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
cupulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: cup-shaped
curvatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: curved
cuspis, cuspidis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: cusp
cyathium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: cyathium
cyathio - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
cylindraceus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: cylindric
cylindraceis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot 33(4):735)
cylindraceisque = cylindraceis (q.v.) + -que (q.v.)
cylindraceum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
cylindricus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: cylindric
cylindrico - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
cyma, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: cyme
cymbiformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: boat-shaped
cymbiformis - genitive singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
cypsela, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: cypsela
dactyliformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: finger-like
dactyliformibus - ablative plural masculine (Rhodora 101(906):137)
decumbo, -ere, -ui, --- - verb, 3rd conjugation: to recline (with tip ascending)
decumbentes - nominative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
decumbentibus - ablative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
decurvatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: decurved
decussatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: decussate
decussata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
dehisco, -ere, -ivi, --- - verb, 3rd conjugation: to dehisce
dehiscens - nominative singular feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
dehiscente - nominative singular neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
dehiscentes - nominative plural feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
delicatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: delicate
delicatae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
deltatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: deltate
deltata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
dendriticus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dendroid
dendriticus - nominative singular masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
dendritus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: branched
dendritis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
dens, dentis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: tooth
dense - adverb: densely, thickly, closely
dense (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):72, 73 [x2])
densus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dense
densae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72, 73)
dentatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dentate
dentata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
dentatis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
depressus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: sunken
depresso - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
descriptio, descriptionis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: description
destituo, destituere, destitui, destitutus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to lack (but not necessarily to be absent)
destituta - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x2])
diameter, diametri - noun, 2nd declension, feminine: diameter
diametro - ablative singular (Rhodora 108(935):238 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
dichasium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: dichasium
dichotome - adverb: dichotomously
dichotome (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a, 113b)
differo, differre, distuli, dilatus - verb, irregular: to differ (from)
differt - 3rd person singular, present active indicative (Rhodora 101(906):137 | Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a, 119, 122; 30(3):519a, 519b, 530; 31(3):493; 33(1):62, 63)
digitatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: digitate
digitata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
dilato, dilatare, dilatavi, dilatatus - verb, 1st conjugation: to widen, to spread out
dilatato - ablative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
dilute - adverb: slightly, weakly
dimidio - adverb: by half
dimidius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: half
dimorphus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dimorphic
dimorpha - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
dioecius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dioecious
diploideus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: diploid
diploidea - nominative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
discus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: disc
disco - ablative singular (Rhodora 101(906):137)
dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to arrange
disposita - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
dispositis - ablative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
distaliter - adverb: distally
distaliter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2], 72 [x2], 73 [x2])
distichus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: distichous
disticha - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
distincte - adverb: distinctly
distinctus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: distinct
distincti - nominative plural masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
distinctis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
divido, dividere, divisi, divisus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to divide
divisa - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a, 113b)
dorsalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: dorsal
dorsum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: back
drupa, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: drupe
duo, duae, duo - adjective, irregular: two
duabus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):109, 113a)
duplex, duplex, duplex - adjective, group B: double, twofold
duplici - ablative singular feminine (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1002 (Pinus balsamea))
dyas, dyadis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: dyad
dyadibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
e- - prefix: not, without
e - preposition [takes ablative]: from, out of [used before a word that begins with a consonant; see ex]
e (from) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2], 71 [x2], 73 [x2])
echinatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: echinate
echinato - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119)
edulis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: edible
eglandulosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: eglandular
elegans, elegans, elegans - adjective, group B: elegant
ellipsoideus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: ellipsoid(al)
ellipsoidea - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
ellipsoideae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
ellipsoideum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
ellipticus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: elliptic, elliptical
elliptica - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
ellipticae - nominative plural feminine (Rhodora 108(935):238)
ellipticis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
elongatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: elongate
elongata - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
elongato - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
elongo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to elongate
elonganti - ablative singular neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
emarginatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: emarginate
emarginato - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
embryo, embryonis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: embryo
endospermium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: endosperm
eneco, -are, -avi, -tus - verb, 1st conjugation: to kill
enectis - ablative plural feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62)
epicorticalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: epicortical
epicorticalibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
epedunculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: epedunculate
epedunculati - nominative plural masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
epidermis, epidermidis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: epidermis
erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to erect
erecta - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
erecti - nominative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71)
erectis - ablative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
erectisque = erectis (q.v.) + -que (q.v.)
erodo, erodere, erosi, erosus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to erode
erosis - ablative plural feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
et - conjunction: and
et (Rhodora 101(906):137; 108(935):238 [x2] | Sida 22(2):1052 [x2] | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a [x3], 42b [x3], 68 [x3], 72 [x2], 73 [x2], 109; 30(3):530, 638; 32(1):146; 33(1):121 [x4]; 33(4):735)
et ... et - conjunction: both ... and
et ... et (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
ex - preposition [takes ablative]: from, out of [used before a word that begins with a vowel and sometimes before a word that begins with a consonant; see e]
exocarpium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: exocarp
exocarpio - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
expando, expandere, expandi, expansus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to expand
expansa - ablative singular feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
expanso - ablative singular masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
expono, exponere, exposui, expositus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to expose
expositis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
exsero, exserere, exserui, exsertus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to exsert
exsertis - ablative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
extensio, extensionis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: extension
extensione - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
exter, extera, exterum - adjective, group A: on the outside
exterioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
externus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: outer
externa - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
extremus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: extreme
extremo - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62)
facies, faciei - noun, 5th declension, feminine: appearance
facio, facere, feci, factus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to make
fallax, fallax, fallax - adjective, group B: false
familia, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: family
-farius - adjective, group A: ranked [number of ranks given by prefix]
femineus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: female
femineorum - genitive plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
fere - adverb: nearly, almost
fere (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
fero, ferre, tuli, latus - verb, irregular: to carry, to bear
fertilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: fertile
-fidus, -fida, -fidum - adjective, group A: split [number of ways given by prefix]
filamentum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: filament
filamentum - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
filiformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: filiform
filix, filicis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: fern
flagellum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: flagellum
flavus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: yellow
flavo - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
flexibilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: flexible
flexibili - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
flexuosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: flexuous
floralis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: floral, relating to the flower
floreo, -ere, -ui, --- - verb, 2nd conjugation: to flower
florens - nominative singular masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
florifer, florifera, floriferum - adjective, group A: flowered
florifera - nominative singular feminine (Rhodora 108(933):20)
floriferae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [florifera is an error])
flos, floris - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: flower
flos - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
flores - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b, 68, 72, 73, 109, 111, 113a)
flores - accusative plural (Sys. Bot 33(1):121 [floribus is an error])
floribus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a, 68, 72, 73; 30(3):519b, 638; 33(4):735)
floris - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
florum - genitive plural (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735 [x2])
folium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: leaf
folia - nominative plural (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):68 [x2], 71, 72, 73 [x2], 109, 111, 113a, 113b; 32(1):146 [x2])
folii - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
foliis - dative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a, b)
foliis - ablative plural (Rhodora 101(906):137 | Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), pp. 1000 (Pinus taeda), 1001 (Pinus strobus), 1002 (Pinus balsamea), 1003 (Cupressus thyoides), 1040 (Juniperus communis) | Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [x2] | Sys. Bot. 29(1):119, 127; 30(3):638; 33(1):62, 63 [x4])
foliorum - genitive plural (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 109, 111; 33(1):121)
foliosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: leafy
folliculus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: follicle
forma, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: shape
forma - ablative singular (Rhodora 108(935):238 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
-formis, -formis, -forme - adjective, group B: -shaped [type of shape given by prefix]
formo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to form
formantes - nominative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71)
fortiter - adverb: strongly
fovea, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: pit, small pit
frigus, frigoris - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: cold
frigore - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62)
frons, frondis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: frond
frondibus - ablative plural (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1003 (Cupressus thyoides))
fructifer, -a, -um - adjective, group A: fruit-bearing
fructiferum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
fructus, fructus - noun, 4th declension, masculine: fruit
fructu - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119)
fructus - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):109, 113a)
fructus - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
frutex, fruticis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: shrub
furcatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: forked
fusco, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to darken
fuscatae - nominative plural feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
galea, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: hood
geminus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: paired
gemma, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: bud
genus, generis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: genus
genus - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
gero, gerere, gessi, gestus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to bear
gerens - nominative singular neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
glaber, glabra, glabrum - adjective, group A: glabrous
glabra - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
glabrae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):68 [grabrae is a typographical error], 72; 33(1):69)
glabri - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146 [glabres is an error])
glabris - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 30(3):530)
glabresco, -ere, ---, --- - verb, 3rd conjugation: to make bare
glans, glandis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: gland
globosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: round (like a ball)
gluma, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: glume
gluma - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [x2])
glumae - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):530)
-glumis, -glumis, -glume - adjective, group B: -glumed [description/number of glume(s) given by prefix]
gracilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: slender
gracilibus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
graciliter - adverb: slenderly
graciliter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
gradatim - adverb: gradually
gradus, gradus - noun, 4th declension, masculine: grade
gramen, graminis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: grass
gramina - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
grandis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: large, tall
granularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: granular
granulari - ablative singular feminine (Rhodora 108(935):238)
granum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: grain
grana - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 109, 113a)
granis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
grosse - adverb: thickly, coarsely
gynaecium, -i - see gynoecium
gynoecium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: gynoecium
gynophorum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: gynophore
gynophoro - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a [x2])
gynophorum - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111, 114)
habeo, habere, habui, habitus - verb, 2nd conjugation: to have
habenti - ablative singular masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
habitus, habitus - noun, 4th declension, masculine: habit
habitu - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638; 31(3):493)
hastatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: hastate
hebetatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dull, not shiny
helicus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: coiled, spirally twisted
herba, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: herb, herbaceous plant
herba - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73; 32(1):146)
herbae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
herbaceus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: herbaceous
hermaphroditus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: bisexual, hermaphroditic
hermaphroditi - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):109, 113a)
hic, haec, hoc - demonstrative pronoun [may function as an adjective]: this
haec - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
hiems, hiemis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: winter
hieme - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b [x2])
hirsutus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: hairy
homomorphus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: homomorphic
homomorphis - ablative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
horizontalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: horizontal
horizontalis - nominative singular masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
humilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: low
hybrida, -ae - noun, 1st declension, masculine: hybrid
hybrida - nominative singular (Rhodora 108(935):238)
hypocotylus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: hypocotyl
ignotus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: unknown
ignota - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
imbricatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: imbricate
imbricatis - ablative plural neuter (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1003 (Cupressus thyoides))
immineo, -ere, ---, --- - verb, 3rd conjugation [takes dative]: to project over
imminenti - ablative singular neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
in - preposition [takes accusative or ablative]: in, on, into, at
in (at) [with ablative] (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
in (in) [with ablative] (Rhodora 108(935):238 | Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x2], 109 [x3], 111, 113a, 127; 30(3):638; 33(1):63, 121)
in (in) [with accusative] (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2], 72 [x2], 73)
in (into) [with accusative] Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
in (on) [with ablative] (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73 [x3], 109, 113a [x3]; 30(3):519b)
inaequalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: unequal
inaequalibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119)
incrasso, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to thicken
incrassata - ablative singular feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71, 73)
incumbens, incumbens, incumbens - adjective, group B: incumbent
incumbentes - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
incurvo, -are, -avi, atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to curve inward
incurvata - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
inde - adverb: then
inde (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
indumentum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: indumentum
indumento - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
induro, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to make hard
indurati - genitive singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
induratis - ablative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
indurato - ablative singular masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
induratum - nominative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
inferne - adverb: below
inferus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: lower
infera - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
inferiora - comparative degree of inferne (q.v.), nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
inferiori - comparative degree, ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
inferioris - genitive singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
inferum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
inferum - accusative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [infero is an error])
inferus - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
inflorescentia, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: inflorescence
inflorescentia - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
inflorescentia - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519a, 519b; 31(3):493)
inflorescentiae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
inflorescentiis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a, 127; 30(3):638; 33(4):735)
infra - preposition [takes accusative]: below
infra (Rhodora 108(933):20)
insero, -ere, -ui, -tus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to insert
inserta - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Rhodora 108(933):20)
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to provide (with)
instructo - ablative singular masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127 [instructa is an error])
integer, integra, integrum - adjective, group A: entire
integris - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
integris - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
integro - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
inter - preposition [takes accusative]: between
inter (Rhodora 108(935):238)
interdum - adverb: sometimes, usually
interdum (sometimes) (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2] | Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
interdum (usually) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
interglandulosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: interglandular
interglandulosis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
internus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: in(side)
interiora - comparative degree, nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
interiores - comparative degree, nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
interstaminalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: interstaminal
interstaminalibus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
introrse - adverb: introrsely, toward the axis
introrse (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
intus - preposition [takes ablative]: inside
intus (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a [x2])
inundo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to flood
inundatam - accusative singular feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
inundatis - ablative plural feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
involucellum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: involucel
involucrum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: involucre
irregularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: irregular
irregulariter - adverb: irregularly
irregulariter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
juvenilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: young
juvenilibus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
juvenis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: young
juniorum - comparative degree (contracted from juveniorum), genitive plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
juvenium - genitive plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
juvenium - genitive plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
labellum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: labellum
labelli - genitive singular (Rhodora 108(933):20)
labellum, -1 - nominative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20)
labium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: lip
lacer, -a, -um - adjective, group A: torn
laevis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: smooth
laevi - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
lamina, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: blade
lamina - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
laminae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
laminis - ablative plural (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73)
lanatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: woolly
lanata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
lanati - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
lanceolatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: lanceolate
lanceolatae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [x2])
lanci- - combining form (Rhodora 108(933):20)
largus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: large, long
largum - accusative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
late - adverb: broadly
late (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b, 73)
lateralis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: lateral
laterales - nominative plural masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [x2])
lateralia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
lateralia - accusative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111 [x2])
lateralibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
lateralibus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 111)
lateralium - genitive plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73 [x2, but one is a typographical error])
lateraliter - adverb [formed from group B adjective lateralis, -is, -e]: laterally
lateraliter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a, 68, 72)
latitudo, latitudinis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: width
latus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: wide, broad
lata - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
lata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x4], 68, 72, 73)
latae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111, 114)
lati - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
latioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62)
latioribusque = latioribus (q.v.) + -que (q.v.)
latis - ablative plural feminine (Sida 22(2):1052 [x2])
latis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
latissimis - superlative degree, ablative plural feminine (Sida 22(2):1052)
latius - comparative degree, nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
lato - ablative singular (Rhodora 101(906):137)
latum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2], 72 [x2], 73, 111, 114)
latus, lateris - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: side (of)
latus - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
laxe - adverb: loosely
laxe (Rhodora 108(933):20)
laxus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: open
laxa - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
laxae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
laxi - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68)
legumen, leguminis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: legume, pod
lemma, lemmatis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: lemma
lemma - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
lemma - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [lemmate is an error])
lemmatis - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
levis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: light in weight
levissimo - superlative degree, ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
leviter - adverb: lightly, slightly
leviter (lightly) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
leviter (slightly) (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292 [x2])
liber, libera, liberum - adjective, group A: free
libera - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 109 [x2], 113a
liberis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73 [libera is an error])
ligneus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: woody
lignea - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71)
lignum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: wood
ligno - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
ligula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: ligule
ligulae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
ligulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: ligulate
ligulatis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
limbus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: limb
linea, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: line
linea - ablative singular (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1002 (Pinus balsamea))
linearis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: linear
lineares - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
lineari - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
lineari- - combining form (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2])
lineari-lanci-oblongum = lineari- (q.v.) + lanci- (q.v.) + oblongum (q.v.)
lineari-oblongum = lineari- (q.v.) + oblongum (q.v.)
linearibus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
linearibus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119)
lobus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: lobe
lobis - ablative plural (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73; 33(4):735)
locularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: locular
loculare - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
locularis - nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
longe - adverb: long
longitudinalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: longitudinal
longitudinalibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
longitudinaliter - adverb [formed from group B adjective longitudinalis, -is, -e]: longitudinally
longitudinaliter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
longitudinaliterque = longitudinaliter (q.v.) + -que (q.v.)
longitudo, longitudinis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: length
longitudine - ablative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2]) | (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
longitudinis - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
longus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: long
longa - nominative singular feminine (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b)
longa - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x4], 68, 72, 73, 111, 113b, 114 [x2])
longae - nominative plural feminine (Rhodora 108(935):238 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73, 111, 114)
longi - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b, 68, 72, 73, 114)
longior - comparative degree, nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
longiore - comparative degree, nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111 [x2])
longiore - comparative degree, ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
longiores - comparative degree, nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
longiori - comparative degree, ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109 [perhaps should have been longiore])
longioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
longioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119, 122; 30(3):530)
longioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62)
longius - comparative degree, nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
longis - ablative plural masculine (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73; 33(4):735)
longis - ablative plural feminine (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):126)
longis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111, 113b)
longissimus - superlative degree, ablative plural masculine (Sida 22(2):1052)
longo - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x2], 68, 72, 73)
longo - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
longum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2] | Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b, 68, 72, 111 [x2], 114 [x2])
longus - nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x2])
loriformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: lorate
loriformia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
luridus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dull yellow
luridum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
macula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spot, blotch
magis - adverb: more
magis - (Sys. Bot 33(1):121 [x2])
magnitudo, magnitudinis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: size
magnitudine - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
magnus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: large
majoribus - comparative degree, ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
margo, marginis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: margin
marginem - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
marginibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71-72; 30(3):530)
marginalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: marginal
marginales - accusative plural feminine (Sida 22(2):1052)
marginatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: margined [often prefixed with a combining form of another adjective to describe the margin]
marginato - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
mas, maris - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: male
masculinus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: male
masculinis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
masculinis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
masculinorum - genitive plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
matrix, matricis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: matrix
maturo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to ripen
maturans - nominative singular masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
maturus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: mature
maturarum - genitive plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62)
maturis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
medium - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: middle
medium - accusative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20)
megaspora, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: megaspore
megasporae - nominative plural (Rhodora 108(935):238)
membranaceus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: membranous
membranaceae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
microspora, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: microspore
microsporae - nominative plural (Rhodora 108(935):238)
minor, minor, minus - comparative degree of parvus, -a, -um: smaller
minoribus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
minute - adverb: minutely
minute (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2], 72)
mollis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: soft
monocarpium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: monocarp
monocarpium - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
monoecius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: monoecious
monoeciae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
monomorphus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: monomorphic
monomorpha - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
mucro, mucronis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: mucro
mucronatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: sharply pointed, mucronate
mucronata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
mucronatis - ablative plural neuter (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1040 (Juniperus communis))
multiplex, -ex, -ex - adjective, group B: multiple, many of the same kind
multiplices - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73)
{?} - {many times?}
multiplo - {?} (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
multo - adverb: much
multo (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
multum - adverb: greatly
multum (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
munio, -ire, -ivi, -itus - verb, 4th conjugation: to provide with, to arm
munito - ablative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
nec - adverb: and not
nec ... nec - conjunction: neither ... nor
nec ... nec (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
nectar, nectaris - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: nectar
nectarium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: nectary
nectariis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
nectario - ablative singular (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
-nervis, -nervis, -nerve - adjective, group B: -nerved [description/number of nerve(s) given by prefix]
-nervius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: -nerved [description/number of nerve(s) given by prefix]
-nervia - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [x2])
-nervium - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
nervus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: nerve
niger, nigra, nigrum - adjective, group A: black
nitidus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: shiny
-nodis, -nodis, -node - adjective, group B: -noded [description of node(s) given by prefix]
nodus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: node
nodo - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
nomen, nominis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: name
non - adverb: not
non (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 68 [x2], 72 [x2]; 33(1):63, 121)
non- - combining form (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146 [x2])
nonrosulata = non- (q.v.) + rosulata (q.v.)
nonsaccata = non- (q.v.) + saccata (q.v.)
novus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: new
novum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
nucleus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: nucleus
nudus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: naked
nuda - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
nullus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: absent
nulla - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
nullis - ablative plural feminine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
nullus - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
numerosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: numerous
numerosis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):122)
numerus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: number
numerus - nominative singular (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) | Rhodora 108(935):238)
nunquam - adverb: never
obellipticus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: obelliptic
obellipticis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
oblanceolatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: oblanceolate
oblanceolatis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71)
oblique - adverb: obliquely
oblongus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: oblong
oblongum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x3])
oblonga - nominative plural neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
obovatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: obovate
obovata - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
obovatis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71)
obscure - adverb: darkly, indistinctly
obtego, obtegere, obtexi, obtectus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to cover
obtecti - nominative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
obtundo, obtundere, obtudi, obtusus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to blunt
obtusatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: blunted
obtusato - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
obtusus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: blunt, obtuse
obtusis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
obtusis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
obtusum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
occupo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to fill
occupato - ablative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
ocrea, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: ocrea
octofarius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: eight-ranked
octofariis - ablative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
odor, odoris - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: scent
omnino - adverb: wholly, entirely
omnino (wholly) (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519a)
omnis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: all
omnibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
oppono, opponere, opposui, oppositus - verb, 3rd conjugation [commonly takes dative]: to place opposite
oppositi - nominative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
oppositis - ablative plural feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
orbicularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: orbicular
orbicularibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
orbiculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: orbiculate
orbiculata - nominative plural neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
ordo, ordinis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: order
orificium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: opening
orificii - genitive singular (Rhodora 108(933):20)
organum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: organ
orno, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to endow
ornati - nominative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
ornatum - nominative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [ornato is an error])
originalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: original
os, oris - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: mouth
ovalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: oval, elliptic
ovalibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68)
ovarium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: ovary
ovarii - genitive singular (Rhodora 101(906):137)
ovario - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
ovarium - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a, 113b)
ovatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: ovate
ovatis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68)
ovato- - combining form (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69 [ovato without a hyphen is a typographical error])
ovato-lanceolatae = ovato- (q.v.) + lanceolatae (q.v.)
ovoideus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: ovoid
ovoidea - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
ovoideum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
ovoideus - nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
ovulum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: ovule
ovula - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b; 32(1):146)
paene - adverb: almost
pagina, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine
pagina - ablative singular (Rhodora 108(935):238)
palaris, -is, -e - adjective, group B: involving a stake
palari - [see entry under radix]
palatum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: palate
pallide - adverb: palely
palustris, -is, -e - adjective, group B: marshy
paniculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: paniculate
paniculatis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
papilla, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: papilla
papillis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
pappus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: pappus
par, paris - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: pair
paribus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
parenchyma, parenchymatis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: parenchyma
paries, parietis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: wall
pars, partis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: part, portion
pars - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
parte - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
partem - accusative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
partes - accusative plural (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2])
partibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73; 31(3):493)
parum - adverb: slightly
parum (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73 [x3], 111, 127)
parvus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: small (see minor, minor, minus for comparative degree)
parva - nominative singular feminine (Rhodora 108(933):20)
parvae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 109, 113a)
parvum - accusative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
pateo, -ere, -ui, --- - verb, 2nd conjugation: to spread out
patentibus - ablative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
patentibus - ablative plural neuter, present active participle (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1040 (Juniperus communis))
patulus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: spreading
paucus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: few
pedicellatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pedicelled
pedicellati - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
pedicellatis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
pedicellus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: pedicel
pedicelli - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):114)
pedicellis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
pedicello - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 113a)
pedicellus - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 113a)
pedunculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pedunculate
pedunculus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: peduncle
pedunculo - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 68, 72 [pudunculo is a typographical error], 73)
pedunculus - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
peltatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: peltate
pendulus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pendulous
penduli - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
pendulo - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119)
pendulum - nominative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
penninervis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: pinnately veined
per - preposition [takes accusative]: per, during/throughout, by (way of)
per (by (way of)) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
per (during/throughout) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a [x2], 114)
per (per) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
perennis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: perennial
perennes - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a [perennae is an error])
perennia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
perennis - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71)
perianthium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: perianth
perigonium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: perigon
perigonii - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2], 72 [x2], 73 [x3] - translated by author as perianth)
perigonium - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73 - translated by author as perianth)
periplastus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: periplast
persevero, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to persevere
perseverantibus - ablative plural neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
persisto, persistere, perstiti, --- - verb, 3rd conjugation: to persist
persistens - nominative singular feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
persistenti - ablative singular feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
persistentibus - ablative plural feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
petalum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: petal
petala - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b [x3]; 32(1):146)
petiolatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: petiolate
petiolata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):113a)
petiolulus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: petiolule
petiolus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: petiole
petioli - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
pileus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: pileus
pilosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pilose
pilosae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
pilosis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(4):735)
pilus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: hair
pilis - ablative plural (Rhodora 101(906):137 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2], 72 [x2], 73; 32(1):146)
pistillatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pistillate
pistillatarum - genitive plural feminine (Sida 22(2):1052)
pistillum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: pistil
pistilli - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
placenta, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: placenta
planta, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: plant
planta - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
plantae - genitive singular (Sida 22(2):1052)
plantae - nominative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) | Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
plantarum - genitive plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62, 63)
plantis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):62, 121; 33(4):735)
planus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: flat
plano - ablative singular neuter (Rhodora 108(933):20)
plerumque - adverb: usually
plerumque (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109 [x3], 113a)
plerusque, -aque, -umque - adjective, group A: the larger, or greater, part of
pollen, pollinis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: pollen
pollinis - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a, 42b, 109, 113a)
porto, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to bear
portatum - nominative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
postremus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: ultimate
postremis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
praecipue - adverb: mainly
praecipue (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119, 122)
praecox, praecox, praecox - adjective, group B: early
praeditus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: provided
praditi - nominative plural masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
praesens, praesens, praesens - adjective, group B: present
praesentibus - ablative plural feminine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
praeterea - adverb: further, in addition
praeterea (further) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
primarius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: main, primary
primarius - nominative singular masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
princeps, principis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: chief
profundus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: deep
profundis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
prominenter - adverb: prominently
promineo, -ere, -ui, --- - verb, 2nd conjugation: to project
prope - adverb: near
prope (Rhodora 108(933):20)
prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to prostrate
prostrati - nominative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71)
proxime - adverb: proximally
proxime (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119)
puberulus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: puberulent
pubescens, pubescens, pubescens - adjective, group B: pubescent
pubescentes - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
pubescentes - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 73)
pubesco, -ere, -ui, --- - verb, 3rd conjugation: to become pubescent
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum - adjective, group A: beautiful
pulvinatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pulvinate
pulvinatus - nominative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
punctatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dotted
punctata - ablative singular feminine (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1002 (Pinus balsamea))
pustulosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pustulose
pustulosis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
quadrangularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: quadrangular
quadrangularibus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
quam - adverb: as, than, as much as
quam (as) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
quam (than) (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):111, 113a; 33(1):69)
quasi - adverb: nearly
quasi (Rhodora 108(933):20)
quattuor - adjective, indeclinable: four
quatour (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72a [one "t" ok, but ending should have been "uor"])
-que - enclitic conjunction: and
-que (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):109, 113a [x2]; 30(3):519b; 33(1):62, 63; 33(4):735)
quini, -ae, -a - adjective (numerical distributive), group A: five together, in fives
quinis - ablative plural neuter (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1001 (Pinus strobus))
quisque, quaeque, quodque - pronoun: each
quoque - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
quoque - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
quoque - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
racemosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: racemose
racemosis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
racemus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: raceme
racemo - ablative singular (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
radicella, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: rootlet
radicellas - accusative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
radix, radicis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: root
radice palari - ablative singular (taproot) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73)
radicibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
radicula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: radicle
radius, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: ray [flower]
{ramificatus, -a, -um?} - {?}
ramificati - {?}
ramosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: branched
ramosa - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
ramosi - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 71, 73)
ramosissimae - superlative degree, nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
ramosus - nominative singular masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
ramulus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: branchlet
ramuli - nominative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
ramus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: branch
rami - nominative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
ramis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
rare - adverb: sparsely
rare (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
raro - adverb: rarely
raro (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68)
rarus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: rare
rara - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
recedo, recedere, recessi, recessus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to recede
recessis - ablative plural feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
recens, recens, recens - adjective, group B: recent
rectangularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: rectangular
recurvo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to curve backwards, to recurve
recurvatis - ablative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
redigo, -ere, -egi, -actus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to reduce
redacta - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Rhodora 108(933):20)
reflecto, -ere, -exi, -exus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to reflex
reflexum - nominative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Rhodora 108(933):20)
regio, regionis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: region
regiones - accusative plural (Sida 22(2):1052)
regnum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: kingdom
rego, regere, rexi, rectus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to guide {to make straight?}
recta - nominative plural neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
remaneo, remanere, remansi, remansus - verb, 2nd conjugation: to remain
remanens - nominative singular neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
reniformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: reniform
reniformia - nominative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [reniformes is an error])
restringo, -ere, -nxi, -ctus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to restrict
restricto - ablative singular masculine, perfect passive participle (Sida 22(2):1052)
reticulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: reticulate
reticulatis - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
rhachis, rhachis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: rachis
rhizoma, rhizomatis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: rhizome
rhizomatibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
rhizomatosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: rhizomatous
rhizomatosa - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
rigeo, -ere, -ui, --- - verb, 2nd conjugation: to be stiff
rigentibus - ablative plural neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
rigidus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: stiff
rigidas - accusative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
rima, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: slit
rimis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
rostellum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: rostellum
rostelli - genitive singular (Rhodora 108(933):20 [rostellii is an error])
-rostris, -rostris, -rostre - adjective, group B: -beaked [description of beak(s) given by prefix]
rostrum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: beak
rosula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: rosette
rosulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: rosetted
rosulata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
rotatus, -a, -um - adjective, group B: rotate
rotata - ablative singular feminine (Rhodora 101(906):137)
rotundatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: rounded
rotundus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: round in outline
rotunda - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
rubeo, -ere, -ui, --- - verb, 2nd conjugation: to be(come) red
rubenti - ablative singular masculine, present active participle (Sida 22(2):1052)
ruber, rubra, rubrum - adjective, group A: red
rubiginosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: rusty red
rugosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: rugose, wrinkled
rugosis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to split
rumpenti - ablative singular feminine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
ruptura, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: rupturing
rupturam - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):114)
saccatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: saccate
saccata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
saccata - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
saccatam - accusative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
saepe - adverb: frequently, often
saepe (frequently) (Rhodora 108(935):238)
saepe (often) (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):71, 72)
scaber, scabra, scabrum - adjective, group A: scabrous
scabris - ablative plural neuter (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1001 (Pinus strobus))
scando, scandere, scandi, scansus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to climb
scandenti - ablative singular masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
scapus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: scape
scapo - ablative singular (Sys. Bot 33(1):121)
sectio, sectionis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: section
secundarius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: secondary
secundariis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
sed - conjunction: but
sed (Sida 22(2):1052 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):119, 122; 30(3):530, 638; 31(3):493; 33(1):62, 63 [x2], 121)
segmentum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: segment
segmenta - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 111)
segmenta - accusative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
segmentis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109 [x2], 111, 113b)
segmento - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 111)
segmentum - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
semen, seminis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: seed
semina - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b, 109, 113a; 32(1):146)
seminibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
semiligneus, -a, um - adjective, group A: semiwoody
semilignea - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
semote - adverb: separately
semper - adverb: always
semper (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
sensus, sensus - noun, 4th declension, masculine: sense
sepalum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: sepal
sepala - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b; 32(1):146)
separo, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to separate
separatae - nominative plural feminine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
septatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: septate
septati - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146 [angustiseptates is an error])
septum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: cross-wall, septum
sequor, sequi, secutus - verb, deponent: to follow
sequentibus - ablative plural feminine, present active participle (Sida 22(2):1052)
series, seriei - noun, 5th declension, feminine: series
seriatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: arranged in rows, ranked
3-seriatam - accusative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
5-seriatam - accusative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
sessilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: sessile
sessile - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
sessiles - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):113a)
sessilia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71, 109; 32(1):146)
seta, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: bristle
seta - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
sex - adjective, indeclinable: six
six (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
sexfarius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: six-ranked
sexfariis - ablative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
sexus, sexus - noun, 4th declension, masculine: sense
siccus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dry
sicco - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 30(3):638)
siliqua, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: silique
similaris, -is, -e - adjective, group B [takes dative]: similar (to)
similare - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot 33(1):121 [similaris is an error])
similis, -is, -e - adjective, group B [takes dative]: similar (to)
simile - ablative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 30(3):530)
similibus - ablative plural masculine (Sida 22(2):1052)
similis - nominative singular feminine (Sida 22(2): 1052 | Sys. Bot. 30(3):638; 33(1):62, 63)
simplex, simplex, simplex - adjective, group B: simple, undivided
simplicia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
simplicibus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
simplicibus - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
sine - preposition [takes ablative]: without
sinflorescentia, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: synflorescence
singularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: single, solitary
singulares - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
singulus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: singular, one to each, individual
singulae - genitive singular feminine (Sida 22(2):1052)
singulum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
sinuatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: sinuate
sinuata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
siphon, siphonis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: tube
situs, situs - noun, 4th declension, masculine: position
solitarius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: solitary
solitaria - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
solitarii - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
solitariis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 30(3):530)
solitariis - ablative plural neuter (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1002 (Pinus balsamea) | Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
solitarium - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
sordidus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: dingy
sorus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: sorus
spadex, spadicis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: spadex
sparse - adverb: sparsely
sparsim - adverb: sparsely
sparsim (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68 [x2])
sparsus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: sparse
sparsis - ablative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
spatha, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spathe
spathella, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spathella
spathella - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a [x3])
spathellae - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):114 [spatellae is a typographical error])
spathellam - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
species, speciei - noun, 5th declension, feminine: species
specimen, speciminis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: specimen
sperma, spermatis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: seed
spica, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spike
spica - nominative singular (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
spicis - ablative plural (Sida 22(2):1052)
spicula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spikelet
spicula - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73; 33(1):69)
spiculae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73; 33(1):69)
spicularum - genitive plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
spiculis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72; 30(3):530)
spina, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spine
spinis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73, 119, 122)
spiniformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: spine-like
spiniformibus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
spira, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spiral
spiram - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
spora, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: spore
sporae - nominative plural (Rhodora 108(935):238)
sporangium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: sporangium
sporangia - nominative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [sporangii is an error])
sporophyllum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: sporophyll
sporophylla - nominative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
squama, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: scale
squamarum - genitive plural (Sida 22(2):1052)
squamiformis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: scale-like, shaped like a scale
squamiformia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
stamen, staminis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: stamen
stamen - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
stamen - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
stamina - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b, 68, 72, 73, 109)
staminaque = stamina (q.v.) + -que (q.v.)
staminibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
staminalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: staminal
staminalibus - ablative plural feminine (Sida 22(2):1052)
staminalibus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a [perhaps should have been ablative singular staminali to agree with ablative singular connectivo])
staminatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: staminate
staminati - genitive singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
status, status - noun, 4th declension, masculine: standing
sterilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: sterile
stigma, stigmatis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: stigma
stigma - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
stigmata - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a, 114)
stipes, stipitis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: stipe
stipula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: stipule
stipula - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
stipulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: stipulate
stipulata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
stirps, stirpis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: plant
stolo, stolonis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: stolon
stramineus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: stramineous, straw-colored
stramineae - nominative plural feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
stramineis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
striatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: striate
strobilus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: strobilus, cone
strobili - nominative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
stylus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: style
styli - genitive singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
stylus - nominative singular (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
sub - preposition [takes ablative]: at
sub (Rhodora 101(906):137)
subcapitatus - adjective, group A: subcapitate
supcapitatum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
subemarginatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: subemarginate
subemarginatis - ablative plural neuter (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1002 (Pinus balsamea))
subglaber, subglabra, subglabrum - adjective, group A: subglabrous
subito - adverb: suddenly
subpeltatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: subpeltate
subpeltata - nominative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
subroseus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: pinkish
subroseis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
subterraneus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: below ground
subterraneus - nominative singular masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
subtiliter - adverb: finely
subtus - adverb: below
subtus (below; i.e., lower/abaxial surface) (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), p. 1002 (Pinus balsamea) | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
succus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: juice
suffulcio, suffulcire, suffulsi, suffultus - verb, 4th conjugation: to support
suffultum - nominative singular neuter, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
suffrutex, suffruticis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: subshrub
sulcatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: furrowed
sulcato - ablative singular masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
sulcus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: furrow
sulphureus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: sulphur yellow
sulphurea - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519a)
sum, esse, fui, futurus - verb, irregular: to be
est - 3rd person singular present active indicative (Sys. Bot. 29(1):119, 122)
super - preposition [takes accusative or ablative]: above, beyond
super (beyond) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
superficialiter - adverb: superficially
superficies, -ei - noun, 5th declension, feminine: surface, face
superficie - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72 - translated by author as face)
superficiebus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
superne - adverb: above
superne (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
supero, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to overtop, to extend beyond
superans - nominative singular neuter, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b to overtop)
superantibus - ablative plural masculine, present active participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72 to extend beyond)
superus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: upper
supera - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
superiorem - comparative degree, accusative singular feminine (Rhodora 108(933):20)
superioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
superum - nominative singular neuter (Sys. Bot. 33(1):69)
supra - adverb: above (=at/near top), above (=upper surface)
supra (above = at/near top) (Rhodora 108(933):20 | Sys. Bot. 29(1):68)
supra (above = upper surface) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
sylva, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: wood
sylvis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
sylvestris, -is, -e - adjective, group B: woodland, wild
sympodialis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: sympodial
tandem - adverb: finally
tandem (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
tantum - adverb: only
tantum (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
taxon, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: taxon
taxa - nominative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
teges, tegetis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: mat
tegetes - accusative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):71)
tego, tegere, texi, tectus - verb, 3rd conjugation: to cover
tecti - nominative plural masculine, perfect passive participle (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
tenax, tenax, tenax - adjective, group B: tough
tener, -a, -um - adjective, group A: thin
tenuis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: thin
tenuis - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
tenuiter - adverb: thinly
tepalum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: tepal
tepala - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 111, 113a)
tepalis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519a, 519b; 33(1):121)
teres, -es, -e - adjective, group B: terete, circular in cross-section
teretes - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 32(1):146)
terminalis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: terminal
terminales - nominative plural masculine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
terminali - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
terminalibus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
termino, -are, -avi, -atus - verb, 1st conjugation: to terminate
terminantibus - ablative plural masculine, present active participle (Rhodora 108(933):20)
terni, -ae, -a - adjective (numerical distributive), group A: three together, in threes
ternis - ablative plural neuter (Species Plantarum, 1st ed. (1753), pp. 1000 (Pinus taeda), 1040 (Juniperus communis))
terra - noun, 1st declension, feminine: earth, ground
terram - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
terrestris, -is, -e - adjective, group B: earthy
terrestres - nominative plural feminine (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
tertius, -a, -um - adjective, group A: third
tertiam - accusative singular feminine (Rhodora 108(933):20)
testa, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: testa, outer coat of a seed
tetras, tetradis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: tetrad
tetradibus - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
thallus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: thallus
theca, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: case [refers to a lateral half of an anther; i.e., one pollen sac]
thecae - nominative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
thecas - accusative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
thecis - dative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
thyrsus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: thyrse
tomentosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: tomentose
tomentosa - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
tortuosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: twisted
tortuosis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
torus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: torus, receptacle
toro - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
transverse - adverb: transversely
tres, tres, tria - numberical adjective: three
tribus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519a, 519b)
tries - accusative plural neuter {why not tria?} (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113b)
triangularis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: triangular
triangularia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
tribus, tribus - noun, 4th declension, feminine: tribe
trichoma, trichomatis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: hair
tricolpatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: tricolpate
tricolpata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
triplex, triplex, triplex - adjective, group B: threefold
truncus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: trunk
tronco - ablative singular variant of trunco (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
tuber, tuberis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: tuber
tuberculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: tuberculate
tuberculatae - nominative plural feminine (Rhodora 108(935):238)
tuberculum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: tubercle
tuberculis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):73)
tubus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: tube
tubum - accusative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72, 73)
typus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: type
ubi - adverb: where
ubi (Sys. Bot. 33(1):63)
umbella, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: umbel
undulatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: undulate, wavy
undulatis - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):72)
undulato- - combining form (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292)
unguiculatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: clawed
unguiculata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
unguis, unguis - noun, 3rd declension, masculine: claw
ungui - ablative singular (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x2])
unicus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: single
unica - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 31(3):493)
unisexualis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: unisexual
unisexuales - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
unisexualibus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42a)
urceolatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: vase-shaped, urceolate
usque - adverb [usually followed by ad]: continuously, (all the way) to
usque ((all the way) to) (Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):127)
uterqui, utraque, utrumque - adjective, group A: each
utraque - nominative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
utriculus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: utricle
utrinque - adverb: on both sides
utrinque (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
vacuola, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: vacuole
vadosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: shallow
vadi- - combining form
vadi-conduplicato = vadi- (q.v.) + conduplicato (q.v.)
vagina, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: sheath
vaginans, vaginans, vaginans - adjective, group B: sheathing
vaginantia - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
valde - adverb: strongly, very, heavily
valde (heavily) (Sys. Bot. 29(1):127)
valva, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: valve
valvis - ablative plural (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) | Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)
valvatus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: valvate
valvata - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b [x2])
variabilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: variable
variabiles - nominative plural feminine (Rhodora 108(935):238)
variabilia - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
varietas, varietatis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: variety
vegetabile, vegetabilis - noun, 3rd declension, neuter: plant
vel - conjunction: or, to
vel (or) (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium) [x2] | Rhodora 108(933):20 [x2] | Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):42b, 68 [x2], 72, 73 [x4], 111 - translated by author as: (2)3(5), 111, 113a [x2], 114; 32(1):146 [x3])
vel (to) (Rhodora 108(933):20 [x5] | Sys. Bot. 16(2):292; 29(1):68 [x3], 71 [x4], 72 [x4], 73 [x5], 111, 113a [x2], 113b; 32(1):146; 33(1):69 [x3])
vel ... vel - conjunction: either ... or
velum, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: velum
vena, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: vein
venis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
ventralis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: ventral
ventralibus - ablative plural neuter (Haines 2003, p. 84 (Dendrolycopodium))
venula, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: veinlet
vernatio, vernationis - noun, 3rd declension, feminine: vernation
verosimiliter - adverb: very likely
verosimiliter (Rhodora 108(935):238)
verrucosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: warty
versus - preposition [takes accusative]: toward
versus (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 127)
verticillus, -i - noun, 2nd declension, masculine: whorl
verticillis - ablative plural (Sys. Bot. 29(1):42b)
vestitus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: clothed
vetus, vetus, vetus - adjective, group B: old
veteribus - ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109)
vetustus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: old
vetustiora - comparative degree, nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):111)
vetustioribus - comparative degree, ablative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):113a)
vetustioribusque = vetustioribus (q.v.) + -que (q.v.)
vice - adverb: instead of
vice (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
villoso-tomentosus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: villous-tomentose
villoso-tomentosa - nominative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 29(1):68, 72)
viridis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: green
viridi - ablative singular feminine (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
viridibus - ablative plural neuter (Sys. Bot. 30(3):519b)
viridique = viridi (q.v.) + -que (q.v.)
viscidium, -i - noun, 2nd declension, neuter: viscidium
viscidia - nominative plural (Rhodora 108(933):20)
vix - adverb: barely
vix (Rhodora 108(933):20)
volubilis, -is, -e - adjective, group B: twining
vulgo - adverb: commonly
vulgo (Sys. Bot. 129(1):127)
zona, -ae - noun, 1st declension, feminine: zone
zygomorphus, -a, -um - adjective, group A: zygomorphic
zygomorphi - nominative plural masculine (Sys. Bot. 29(1):109, 113a)