Botanical Latin Translations

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(updated 7 January 2026)





Galium rubioides L.

Taxonomic history
   1753: Linnaeus described this species as Galium rubioides in Species Plantarum, 1st ed., p. 105 of Ray Society 1957 facsimile.
   Today: The current name for this species is Galium rubioides L.


original Latin diagnosis
Galium foliis quaternis lanceolato-ovatis aequalibus subtus scabris, caule erecto, fructibus glabris.

English translation
Galium with leaves in fours, lanceolate-ovate, equal, [and] below scabrous; with a stem erect. [and] with fruits glabrous.



English translation with commentary
Galium Galium
with leaves foliis - ablative plural of second declension neuter noun folium, -i
in fours, quaternis - ablative plural neuter of group A adjective quaternus, -a, -um; modifies foliis
lanceolate-ovate, lanceolato-ovatis = lanceolato- (combining form of group A adjective lanceolatus, -a, -um) + ovatis (ablative plural neuter of group A adjective ovatus, -a, -um); modifies foliis
equal, aequalibus - ablative plural neuter of group B adjective aequalis, -is, -e; modifies foliis
[and] [added for smoother reading]
below subtus - adverb
scabrous, scabris - ablative plural neuter of group A adjective scaber, scabra, scabrum; modifies foliis
with a stem caule - ablative singular of third declension masculine noun caulis, caulis
erect, erecto - ablative singular masculine of perfect passive participle of third conjugation verb erigo, erigere, erexi, erectum; modifies caule
[and] [added for smoother reading]
with fruits fructibus - ablative plural of fourth declension masculine noun frucus, fructus
glabrous. glabris - ablative singular masculine of group A adjective glaber, glabra, glabrum; modifies fructibus


For a list of botanical Latin translations, please click here.         To access the Species Plantarum concordance, please click here.